The Amazon Rainforest: Earth's Largest Ecosystem
📘 Key Terminologies by Subject
Indian Geography
Hooghly River
A distributary of the Ganges River in West Bengal. It is a major river and a key waterway for the city of Kolkata, and it is a major source of water for irrigation and transportation, though it is also prone to flooding during the monsoon.
Doab
A term used in India and Pakistan for the land lying between two converging rivers. The most famous example is the Ganga-Yamuna Doab, which is one of the most fertile agricultural regions in the world due to the rich alluvial soil deposited by both rivers.
Aravali Range
A mountain range in northwestern India, running in a southwest-northeast direction through the states of Rajasthan, Haryana, and Gujarat. It is the oldest fold mountain range in the world and a major geographical feature of the region, influencing the climate of the region.
Greater Himalayas
The northernmost and highest range of the Himalayas, known for its permanent snow cover and towering peaks like Mount Everest, Kanchenjunga, and Nanda Devi. This range is the source of many perennial rivers like the Ganges and the Indus.
Gondwana
A supercontinent that existed during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras. India was a part of this supercontinent, and its movement is responsible for the formation of the Indian landmass and its unique geological features, including the Deccan Plateau.
Indian History
Rashtrakutas
Powerful dynasty in Deccan India between the 8th and 10th centuries CE.
1857 Revolt
First War of Indian Independence against British rule.
Jahangir
The fourth Mughal emperor, who ruled from 1605 to 1627. His reign is noted for the flourishing of art and culture, particularly Mughal miniature paintings, and for his patronage of the arts, though his later years were marked by political instability.
Government of India Act 1935
Introduced provincial autonomy and federal structure.
Mountbatten Plan
The final plan for the transfer of power from the British to India in 1947, proposed by Viceroy Lord Mountbatten. It provided for the partition of India into two independent states, India and Pakistan, and the granting of independence on August 15, 1947.
Uttarakhand Geography
Pindari Glacier
A glacier located in the Bageshwar district of Uttarakhand, which is the source of the Pindar River, a tributary of the Alaknanda River. It is a popular trekking destination and is a key geographical feature of the region, though it is one of the smaller glaciers in the Himalayas.
Alaknanda River
A major Himalayan river in Uttarakhand that is one of the two headstreams of the holy Ganga River. It originates from the Satopanth and Bhagirath Kharak glaciers and is known for its powerful flow and deep gorges, and it is a key feature of the region.
Yamunotri Glacier
A glacier located in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand, which is the source of the Yamuna River. It is a major holy site for pilgrims and is a key geographical feature of the region, though it is one of the smaller glaciers in the Himalayas.
Alaknanda River
A major Himalayan river in Uttarakhand that is one of the two headstreams of the holy Ganga River. It originates from the Satopanth and Bhagirath Kharak glaciers and is known for its powerful flow and deep gorges, and it is a key feature of the region.
Shivalik Hills
The southernmost and youngest of the Himalayan mountain ranges, located at the foothills of the Himalayas. These hills are characterized by their low altitude and are a major geographical feature of the region, home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, including the famous Jim Corbett National Park.
General Hindi
ज्ञान
ज्ञान का अर्थ है किसी विषय की गहरी समझ और जानकारी। यह अध्ययन, अनुभव और चिंतन से प्राप्त होता है।
स्वास्थ्य
स्वास्थ्य का अर्थ है शारीरिक और मानसिक रूप से स्वस्थ रहना। यह जीवन की सबसे बड़ी पूंजी है। विलोम शब्द: अस्वास्थ्य।
सवैया
सवैया हिंदी कविता का एक छंद है जिसमें लय और मात्रा का विशेष महत्व होता है। इसका प्रयोग प्राचीन कवियों ने विशेष रूप से भक्ति साहित्य में किया।
शक्ति
शक्ति का अर्थ है कठिनाइयों का सामना करने और कार्य को पूरा करने की क्षमता। यह व्यक्ति को आत्मनिर्भर और दृढ़ बनाती है। विलोम शब्द: निर्बलता।
नदी
नदी के पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं सरिता, वाहिनी, और तटिनी। यह एक प्राकृतिक जलधारा है जो पहाड़ों से निकलकर समुद्र में मिलती है, और यह कृषि, पीने के पानी, और परिवहन के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है।
General English
Patience
The capacity to accept or tolerate delay, trouble, or suffering without getting angry or upset. It's a virtue that allows one to remain calm and composed in stressful situations, enabling better decision-making.
Zest
Great enthusiasm and energy. It is a sense of keen enjoyment and excitement for life, which is a key component of a positive and vibrant personality.
Purity
The state or quality of being pure. It is a state of being free from moral or spiritual corruption, and it is a key component of a person's character and their integrity.
Resilience
The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties. It's the ability to bounce back from adversity, stress, or failure, demonstrating inner strength and adaptability in challenging situations.
Simplicity
The quality or condition of being easy to understand or do. It is the absence of complexity or complication, and it is often associated with clarity, elegance, and peace of mind.
Uttarakhand History
हर्षदेव जोशी
हर्षदेव जोशी उत्तराखंड के स्वतंत्रता सेनानी और राजनेता थे। उन्होंने स्थानीय लोगों की आवाज़ को राष्ट्रीय स्तर तक पहुँचाने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई।
गढ़वाल का मंदाकिनी क्षेत्र
मंदाकिनी नदी का क्षेत्र धार्मिक और ऐतिहासिक दृष्टि से महत्वपूर्ण है। यहाँ केदारनाथ धाम और अन्य धार्मिक स्थल स्थित हैं जो तीर्थयात्रियों को आकर्षित करते हैं।
कुमाऊँनी रामलीला
कुमाऊँनी रामलीला यूनेस्को की अमूर्त सांस्कृतिक धरोहर में शामिल है। इसे स्थानीय शैली में प्रस्तुत किया जाता है और इसमें गायन और वाद्य यंत्रों का विशेष महत्व होता है। यह पर्व सामाजिक एकता का प्रतीक है।
जागरी परंपरा
जागरी परंपरा उत्तराखंड की प्राचीन धार्मिक परंपरा है। इसमें देवताओं की स्तुति और आह्वान लोकगीतों के माध्यम से किया जाता है।
लक्ष्मण झूला
ऋषिकेश में स्थित प्रसिद्ध पुल।
Indian Polity
National Commission for Backward Classes
A statutory body responsible for protecting the interests of the Backward Classes in India. The NCBC is a crucial component of the Indian political system, ensuring that the government and its agencies act within the boundaries of the law and do not discriminate against the Backward Classes.
Fundamental Duties
These are a set of ten duties of every Indian citizen. Added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976, they are not legally enforceable but are considered an essential component of the Constitution, promoting patriotism and national unity.
National Commission for Women
A statutory body responsible for protecting and promoting the interests of women in India. The NCW is a crucial component of the Indian political system, ensuring that the government and its agencies act within the boundaries of the law and do not discriminate against women.
Central Vigilance Commission
A statutory body responsible for preventing corruption in the central government. The CVC is a crucial component of the Indian political system, ensuring that the government is free from corruption and that public officials are held accountable for their actions.
Right to Education Act
A landmark law that makes education a fundamental right for all children between the ages of 6 and 14 years. The RTE Act is a crucial component of the Indian political system, ensuring that every child has access to quality education and is a key step towards achieving universal literacy.
Uttarakhand Polity
Governor of Uttarakhand
The constitutional head of the state, appointed by the President of India. The Governor has powers and functions similar to the President at the central level, including giving assent to bills passed by the state assembly.
State Disaster Management Authority (Uttarakhand)
A government agency responsible for disaster management in the state. The authority plays a crucial role in preparing for and responding to natural disasters, such as floods, landslides, and earthquakes.
Valley of Flowers National Park
A national park in Uttarakhand, known for its diverse species of alpine flowers. The Valley of Flowers is a key tourist destination and is a crucial component of the state's economy.
Uttarakhand Kranti Dal
A regional political party in Uttarakhand that was instrumental in the statehood movement. The UKD is a key political player in the state and is responsible for formulating and implementing the party's policies and programs.
Tehsil
A sub-district or sub-division of a district in Uttarakhand. The Tehsil is an important administrative unit, responsible for land revenue administration, voter registration, and other government functions at the local level.