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📘 Key Terminologies by Subject
Indian History
Salt Satyagraha
A non-violent protest march led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930 against the British salt monopoly. The protest, which began with the Dandi March, was a major act of civil disobedience that drew worldwide attention to the Indian independence movement.
Partition of Bengal
A controversial decision by the British government in 1905 to divide the large province of Bengal into two separate entities. The partition, which was based on religious lines, sparked widespread protests and led to the Swadeshi Movement.
Macaulay's Minute
A document written in 1835 by Thomas Macaulay, a British historian and politician. It proposed a system of education for Indians that favored English as the medium of instruction and aimed to create a class of Indians "English in taste, in opinions, in morals, and in intellect."
Sher Shah Suri
The founder of the Sur Empire in northern India, who ruled from 1540 to 1545. He was a brilliant administrator and is remembered for his far-reaching reforms, including the introduction of a new currency, the *rupiya*, and the construction of the Grand Trunk Road.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
A tragic event that occurred on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab, where British Indian Army troops fired on a large, peaceful gathering of unarmed civilians. The massacre, which resulted in hundreds of deaths, was a pivotal moment in the struggle for Indian independence.
Uttarakhand Geography
Mussoorie
A popular hill station in the Dehradun district of Uttarakhand, known for its scenic beauty and pleasant climate. It is a major tourist destination and is a key geographical feature of the region, known for its beautiful waterfalls, lush green forests, and charming colonial architecture.
Gomukh
The terminus of the Gangotri Glacier and the source of the Bhagirathi River. It is a key geographical feature of the region and is a major holy site for pilgrims, and it is a major trekking destination for adventure enthusiasts.
Bhagirathi River
A major Himalayan river in Uttarakhand that is one of the two headstreams of the holy Ganga River. It originates from the Gangotri Glacier and is a key source of water for the Ganga River, and its waters are considered sacred in Hinduism.
Khirsu
A hill station in the Pauri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand, known for its scenic beauty and panoramic views of the Himalayan peaks. It is a major tourist destination and is a key geographical feature of the region, known for its beautiful waterfalls, lush green forests, and charming colonial architecture.
Yamunotri
A town in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand, known as a major pilgrimage site for Hindus. It is a key geographical feature of the region and is a major holy site for pilgrims, known for its beautiful temples, serene atmosphere, and the famous Yamunotri Temple.
General Hindi
ईमानदारी
ईमानदारी का अर्थ है सत्यनिष्ठा और अपने कर्तव्यों का सही ढंग से पालन करना।
अनौपचारिक पत्र
अनौपचारिक पत्र वे होते हैं जो मित्रों या परिजनों को लिखे जाते हैं। इनमें भाषा सरल, सहज और भावनात्मक होती है।
कहानी लेखन
कहानी साहित्य की प्रमुख विधा है जिसमें पात्र, कथानक और संवाद के माध्यम से घटनाओं को रोचक ढंग से प्रस्तुत किया जाता है।
परीक्षा निबंध
परीक्षा निबंध में छात्र किसी विषय पर अपने विचार क्रमबद्ध तरीके से लिखते हैं। इसमें भाषा की शुद्धता और अभिव्यक्ति का विशेष ध्यान रखा जाता है।
अमृत
अमृत के पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं सुधा, पियूष, और अमिय। यह एक पौराणिक पेय है जिसके बारे में माना जाता है कि इसे पीने से अमरता प्राप्त होती है, और यह अक्सर भारतीय पौराणिक कथाओं और धर्मग्रंथों में वर्णित है।
Indian Polity
State Public Service Commission
An independent constitutional body responsible for conducting civil service examinations and recruiting candidates for various government positions in a state. The SPSC is a crucial component of the Indian political system, ensuring that the government is staffed with qualified and competent officials and that the recruitment process is fair and transparent.
Right to Education Act
A landmark law that makes education a fundamental right for all children between the ages of 6 and 14 years. The RTE Act is a crucial component of the Indian political system, ensuring that every child has access to quality education and is a key step towards achieving universal literacy.
Preamble
The introductory statement of the Constitution of India. It outlines the guiding principles and objectives of the Constitution, including justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity, and it serves as a philosophical and moral foundation for the entire document.
President
The ceremonial head of the state in India. The President is the supreme commander of the armed forces and is a symbol of national unity, with a range of constitutional powers and responsibilities.
Central Information Commission
A statutory body responsible for implementing the Right to Information Act. The CIC is a crucial component of the Indian political system, ensuring that the government is transparent and accountable to the citizens and that the right to information is not violated.
General English
Humility
The quality of having a modest or low view of one's own importance. It is a form of self-awareness that allows one to acknowledge their strengths and weaknesses without arrogance or excessive pride, fostering respect for others.
Solitude
The state or situation of being alone. It is a state of peaceful isolation, often chosen for personal reflection, creativity, or relaxation, and it is a crucial component of mental well-being.
Curiosity
A strong desire to know or learn something. It is a sense of inquisitiveness and a love of learning that motivates a person to explore the world and to discover new things.
Homophone
Words that sound alike but have different meanings/spellings.
Delicacy
The quality of being easy to break or harm. It can also refer to a fine food, and it is a quality of being sensitive and subtle, which is often associated with art and fine dining.
Uttarakhand History
कुमाऊँ का लोहाघाट
लोहाघाट ऐतिहासिक दृष्टि से प्रसिद्ध स्थल है। यह चंपावत जिले में स्थित है और कई प्राचीन घटनाओं से जुड़ा रहा है।
स्वामी दयानंद का प्रभाव
स्वामी दयानंद सरस्वती के विचारों ने उत्तराखंड के समाज में नवजागरण का कार्य किया। उनके अनुयायियों ने शिक्षा, समानता और सुधारों की दिशा में आंदोलन चलाए।
Ghasyari Movement
Protest movement led by women of Uttarakhand for basic rights.
कुमाऊँ का हुड़का नृत्य
हुड़का नृत्य कुमाऊँ की लोक संस्कृति का अभिन्न हिस्सा है। इसे विशेष अवसरों पर प्रस्तुत किया जाता है और यह क्षेत्र की ऐतिहासिक लोककला को दर्शाता है।
गढ़वाल स्काउट्स
गढ़वाल स्काउट्स भारतीय सेना की विशेष इकाई है। इसका इतिहास वीरता और समर्पण की कहानियों से भरा है। यह स्वतंत्रता संग्राम और उसके बाद भी सक्रिय रही।
Indian Geography
Bhakra-Nangal Dam
A massive concrete gravity dam on the Sutlej River in Himachal Pradesh. It is one of the largest dams in India and a key component of the Bhakra-Nangal Project, which provides a vital source of water for irrigation and hydroelectric power for the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan.
Monsoon
A seasonal wind in India and other parts of Asia that is characterized by its complete reversal of direction. The southwest monsoon brings heavy rainfall to most of India from June to September, while the northeast monsoon brings rain to the southeastern parts of the country from October to December.
Bay of Bengal
A large northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, forming a unique sea bounded by India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is an important sea route for trade and is influenced by tropical cyclones that frequently form in its waters, impacting coastal regions.
Indira Gandhi Canal
A major canal system in northwestern India, originating from the Sutlej River. It is the longest canal in India and a key component of the Indira Gandhi Canal Project, which has transformed the arid landscape of Rajasthan into a productive agricultural region, providing a vital source of water for irrigation.
Alluvial Soil
A type of soil deposited by rivers, found mainly in the Indo-Gangetic Plain and other river valleys. It is considered the most fertile soil in India, rich in minerals and nutrients, and is essential for the cultivation of a wide variety of crops, including rice, wheat, and sugarcane.
Uttarakhand Polity
Bharatiya Janata Party (Uttarakhand)
The state unit of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Uttarakhand. The BJP is the ruling party in the state and is responsible for formulating and implementing the government's policies and programs.
State of Uttarakhand
A state in the northern part of India, known for its natural beauty and religious significance. The state was created in 2000 and is a crucial component of the Indian political system.
Panchayat Elections
Elections held for the local self-government bodies, such as gram panchayats, in Uttarakhand. The elections are a crucial component of the democratic process and are a key pillar of the Panchayati Raj system.
Governor of Uttarakhand
The constitutional head of the state, appointed by the President of India. The Governor has powers and functions similar to the President at the central level, including giving assent to bills passed by the state assembly.
State Women Commission (Uttarakhand)
A statutory body responsible for protecting and promoting the interests of women in the state. The commission is a crucial component of the Indian political system, ensuring that the government and its agencies act within the boundaries of the law and do not discriminate against women.